The State Aid Disclosure report provides an analysis of the most important political and legal developments in the field of state aid in 2025. In June 2025, the European Commission adopted a new framework:
Clean Industries State Assistance Framework (CISAF). In December 2025, the Commission issued Decision 2025/2630 on the application of Article 106(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to State aid in the form of compensation for public services granted to providers of services of general economic interest.This resolution, which acts as a blanket exception, replaces resolution 2012/21. That year also witnessed a wealth of case law that broadened our understanding of state aid, and provided new insights, as well as some surprises, brilliantly explained here by Professor Phaidon Nicolaides, Emeritus Professor at Maastricht University and Visiting Professor at the College of Europe, Bruges, and the University of Nicosia, as well as Academic Director at Lexion Training.Nicolaides highlights the most important state aid provisions and European Commission decisions of the year, as well as new rules and legislation, with a critical review of their most salient features. This book contains articles originally published weekly on Lexion Publishing's "Government Aid Secrets Revealed" website. These articles have been edited and organized into chapters covering key aspects of the concept and procedures of state aid, UNHCR guidance, and the role of national courts.Each article presents the main points of a judicial ruling or Commission decision, places them in the context of case law or similar practice, assesses the reasoning behind them, and identifies any inconsistencies or discrepancies. This volume is complemented by a comprehensive index of cases of the European Court of Justice and the European Commission.
